The ctnsensus of opinion seems to be that curvularia will invade turf that is already weakened and become a secondary pathogen. Nigeria is identified as curvularia pallescens and its pathogenicity to maize is demonstrated by inocula tion. Curvularia definition of curvularia by medical dictionary. A survey of diseases and disorders in oil palms of. Rinaldi mg, phillips p, schwartz jg, winn re, holt gr, shagets fw, elrod j, nishioka g, aufdemorte tb. Curvularia is a species of mold that relate mostly to subtropical and tropical plant parasites however, three ubiquitous species have been recovered from human infections, principally from cases of mycotic keratitis. Pawar department of plant pathology, college of agriculture, dr. A multilocus phylogeny based on combined sequences of rdna its, ef1a, gpdh and lsu revealed two new saprobic curvularia species from grasses and dead wood in northern thailand.
Extended periods of leaf wetness, physical and environmental stresses can. The objectives are to isolate and characterize curvularia and related species from leaf spot of rice by using morphological and molecular characterization and to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the isolated fungi. The genus curvularia contains about 80 species, which are mostly soil or plant pathogens. Example of common leaf tip necrosis of cut leaves 24 to 48 h after inoculation with bipolaris spp. Josep guarro, 1, tiyomi akiti, 2 roberto almada horta, 3 l. Curvularia trifolii is a fungal pathogen which causes leaf blight in clover.
The term black mold also toxic black mold is not scientific but is widely used by the media to usually reference stachybotrys molds. Cochliobolus lunatus is the most commonly reported species in clinical cases of reported. Morizot leitefilho, 4 josepa gene, 1 sueli ferreiragomes, 3 carme aguilar, 1 and montserrat ortoneda 1. Curvularia martyniicola a new species of foliicolous. Conidial suspensions of species of curvularia from rice seeds. The shape of the spores is what is so unique to curvularia, and in fact, is where we get the name.
Culvaria species, infection, treatment and removal mold. Fungal isolation was done from diseased rice leaves showing leaf spot symptoms collected throughout peninsular malaysia. The teleomorph state of the type species curvularia lunata is cochliobolus. This mold has been known to cause onychomycosis, ocular keratitis, sinusitis, mycetoma, pneumonia, endocarditis, cerebral abscess, and disseminated infection. Curvularia lunata, rhizoctonia solani and dreschlera monocerus were identified tobesuch fungal species testedagainst tworicevarieties at272andat576andtwoweedspecies e. Several species of the genus curvularia had been registered on rice causing damages, particularly grain spots and discoloration. Often found in infected turfgrass as a secondary infection.
In vitro evaluation of fungicides and organics against curvularia lunata and curvularia pallescens causing leaf blight in gladiolus d. Bipolaris, curvularia, drechslera and exserohilum diseases of. Curvularia lunata poses an inhalation and a deep skin dermal inoculation health risk to persons with week immune system. Ascochyta leaf spot is a minor, but widely distributed disease, usually producing leaf spots on the lower leaves on wheat, oat, triticale, barley and numerous grasses. It may cause corneal infections, mycetoma and infections in immune compromised hosts. Most kinds of mold grow and spread quickly, but according to the university of adelaide website, this particular strain of mold grows especially fast.
The teleomorphic state of the type species curvularia lunata is cochliobolus lunatus fam. Evaluation of curvularia lunata as an biological control agent in major weeds. The spores of curvularia occur individually, with three or more transverse divisions, or septa. Curvularia lunata appears as shiny velvetyblack, fluffy growth on the colony surface.
We report a case of human keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis without known injury or trauma. Bipolaris and curvularia cannot be merged in drechslera berbee et al. Pdf the fungal genus curvularia includes numerous plant pathogens and some emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans. India among the various flowering plants that provides. The isolates were analyzed in terms of phylogenetic relationships, morphology, and pathogenicity. Curvularia leaf spot disease of foliage andor roots greencast. Pdf on dec 6, 2018, mehrabikoushki and others published curvularia ahvazensis and c. When the host plant is infected, lesions on the leaf start to appear as yellow discolored patches. Evaluation of pathogenicity of bipolaris and curvularia.
Clinical importance of the genus curvularia 159 india, karnataka october 1985september 1988 67 2 2. Most curvularia are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in temperate zones curvularia defined by the type species c. Curvularia spicifera is a really common outdoor fungus, readily found in tropical and subtropical regions. Cochliobolus lunatus is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals. Stereoscopic images of various bermudagrass leaf symptomatology. The causal agents were dentified as curvularia lunata and curvularia pallescens. Like most other crops, oil palm is infected by several pathogens. Potential antifungal plants for controlling building fungi. Curvularia leaf spot disease of foliage andor roots. Curvularia is a mold which is associated with allergy in the literature and frequently reported in mold spore counts. Outdoor mold may trigger allergic reactions in some people but rarely causes serious problems. Plant diseases range from seedling failure to leaf blight,9 including grass fade out during hot, humid weather. Comparative analysis of phylogenetic relationships. Curvularia species are important phytopathogens reported worldwide.
Apr 26, 2017 curvularia is a saprophytical root borne fungus denoted by the cellular structure when seen under a microscope. Curvularia blight is an important disease of gladiolus. Gladioluscurvularia leaf spot pacific northwest pest. These patches will eventually turn brown and form characteristic vshaped lesions in between the leaf veins. Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by curvularia has been reported 2.
Keratitis caused by filamentous fungi, such as fusarium, aspergillus, acremonium, and curvularia species, is relatively frequent 11, 21 and is usually induced by trauma. Among eye infections, the involvement of curvularia spp. Curvularia lunata is a widespread contaminant of seed crops. A leaf spot symptom of rice is one of the common symptoms found in the rice field and caused reduction of rice yield. Curvularia species not only cause disease in plants but have emerged in the last decade as a human pathogen. Curvularia has a downy or suedelike texture and may be a medium shade of brown to dark brown or nearly black in color. Morphological and molecular characterization of curvularia. Isolation and molecular identification of curvularia. Perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and all varieties of bentgrass, bermudagrass, zoysiagrass and centipede. Gladioluscurvularia leaf spot cause curvularia gladioli formerly curvularia lunata, a fungus that has been reported from oregon on gladiolus the disease is favored by warm, wet conditions. Bioactive secondary metabolites from new endophytic. Pdf clinical importance of the genus curvularia researchgate. In vitro evaluation of botanicals, bioagents and fungicides against.
Curvularia is a genus of fungi that mostly consists of plant pathogens, although several of its species can be harmful to humans as well. These are curvularia lunata, curvularia pallescens and curvularia geniculata curvularia lunata. The majority of curvularia species exist as grass pathogens or as saprobes occurring on plant material, dung and soil. Isolation and molecular identification of curvularia lunata. The fungus is an excellent saprophyte, meaning it exists or persists in dead and dying tissue. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and organics against. Data for nematodes in declined areas were obtained by combining the soil from four soil. Mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of curvularia spp. Curvularia is a necrotizing fungus, meaning the plant basically consumes itself from within. Cladosporium is a common type of mold often found both outdoors and indoors. Evaluation of curvularia lunata as an biological control.
Reports of human disease caused by this organism are rare but include. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera bipolaris and curvularia has resulted. Soil compaction and excessive levels of nitrogen and thatch. Mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis and. Efficacy of fungicides and bioagents against curvularia lunata.
Field diseases of oil palm, a algal leaf spot, b basal stem rot 1 the oldest fronds have died and collapsed, 2 fruiting body of ganoderma boninense, 3 the beginning of infected tissues, 4 mycelia of ganoderma boninense in diseased tissues, c spear rot of oil palm 1,2 the spear leaf and next youngest leaves discolored or collapsed, 3 yellowing and rotting of spear. Upsurge in curvularia infections and global emerging antifungal. Nigeria is identified as curvularia pallescens and its pathogenicity to maize is demonstrated by inocula tion experiments. Curvularia is a hyphomycete fungus which is a facultative pathogen of many plant species. Phylogenetic trees inferred from combined dataset of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal dna its, partial glyceraldehyde3phosphate dehydrogenase gpdh. Some people may experience hay fever, asthma and or allergic fungal sinusitis. Mabadeje school of biological sciences, university of lagos, nigeria with plate 18 the causal agent of a leaf spot of maize in s. Curvularia lunata is a saprobic dematiaceous mould that resides primarily in soil ellis, 1966. Cytological analysis and nuclear condition, observed through the hclgiemsa technique, showed vegetative and reproductive structures hypha and conidia formed by. Curvularia is a hyphomycete fungus which is a facultative pathogen, or beneficial partner of many plant species and common in soil. Pdf two new curvularia species from northern thailand. Curvularial growth on stored grain, thatch, and other dead plant material looks like smudges of blackish dust. Curvularia leaf spot occurs in areas that experience prolonged leaf wetness for several consecutive days. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera bipolaris and curvularia has resulted in a realignment of.
Lesions often merged to form large necrotic areas, covering more than 90%. Pdf members of the genus curvularia including species formerly. Novel curvularia species from clinical specimens madrid, da cunha, gene et al. It is important to know the difference between this and say, fusarium spp of fungus. Curvularia spicifera cochliobolus spicifer what is curvularia spicifera. Usually weakly pathogenic unless turfgrass is predisposed to high temperatures stress. Curvularia can be easily distinguished from bipolaris and drechslera spp. Key plants key pests modified and digitized for the web by. Most curvularia are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in temperate zones. Curvularia lunata is the most commonly encountered species. Other conidiogenous events have been described, and usually combine features such. Experimental treatment of curvularia infection sciencedirect.
Curvularia may be found in almost any grass debris, even if the turf is healthy. Evaluation of pathogenicity of bipolaris and curvularia spp. Three isolates of curvularia were obtained from diseased eucalyptus sp. Curvularia spicifera injection is a human prescription drug that is used to confirm whether or not a person has an allergy to cochliobolus spicifer. The alignment of curvularia combining three gene fragments its. Dematiaceous hyphomycete producing sympodial, pale brown, cylindrical or slightly curved phragmoconidia, with one of the cent. Bioactive secondary metabolites from new endophytic fungus. Stem and leaf sheath lesions were purple to black purple, and extensive rot on stems, crowns and root. Despite allergic fungal sinusitis being the most common clinical manifestation attributed to this genus alvarez et al. The fungus showed a highest homology to curvularia sp.
However, more than 10 species of this genus have been reported to cause opportunistic diseases in humans. Bipolaris, curvularia, drechslera and exserohilum diseases. Wound infections, mycetoma, onychomycosis, keratitis, allergic sinusitis, cerebral abscess, cerebritis, pneumonia, allergic bronchopulmonary disease, endocarditis, dialysisassociated peritonitis, and disseminated infections may develop due to curvularia spp. Indoors, on the other hand, mold can damage your home and cause numerous health problems. Ascochyta leaf spot is a minor, but widely distributed disease, usually producing leaf spots on the lower leaves on wheat, oat, triticale, barley and numerous grasses symptoms. Health concerns with curvularia is it a potential allergen. A survey of diseases and disorders in oil palms of southern. Curvularia pallescens boedijn hyphomycetes is redescribed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope, and the optimal cultural conditions for growing this fungus are discussed. Recent studies have shown that morphological identification does not correlate with molecular identification manamgoda et al. Curvularia is one of the most relevant genera of dematiaceous fungi involved in phaeohyphomycosis. Oil palm production areas in thailand total approximately 625,600 ha and of these about 528,400 ha are in the south chavananand, 2011. Hence, curvularia lunata can be considered as a probable agent for the biological control of alisma plantagoaquatica, echinochloa spp.
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